Некоторые глаголы могут употребляться с различными предлогами, меняя свое значение в зависимости от предлога: to look at smb. – смотреть на кого-то; to look for smb. – искать кого-то; to look after smb.- присматривать за кем-то.

Предлоги также входят в состав большого числа словосочетаний и выражений. Некоторые глаголы в английском языке требуют после себя предлога, в то время как после соответствующих им русских глаголов предлог не употребляется: to wait for smb.- ждать кого-то; to listen to smb.- слушать кого-то. С другой стороны, в английском языке есть ряд глаголов, которые не требуют после себя предлога, тогда как соответствующие им русские глаголы употребляются с предлогами: to follow smb. - следовать за кем-то; to enter smth.- входить в .

Предлоги бывают простые (of, for, on ), сложные (below, between ), составные (in front of, out of ).

Предлоги обычно ставятся перед существительными, к которым они относятся, однако в ряде случаев могут стоять после них, а также в конце предложения:

This is a picture on the wall.

What street do you live in ?

This novel is much spoken about .

Следует также отличать случаи так называемого несвободного, фиксированного употребления предлогов в том или ином сочетании слов: on duty , on foot ; а также широкое употребление послелогов, то есть предлогов, обязательных для ряда глаголов и стоящих после них: (to laugh at , to listen to и т.д.)

Можно выделить три относительно большие группы предлогов: предлоги времени, предлоги места, предлоги направления.

Ниже перечислены основные предлоги времени.

I. Заполните пропуски правильным предлогом in, at или on.

a. I get up early ____ the morning and go to bed late ____ night.

b. I’m so bored. There’s nothing to do ___ weekends.

c. He went swimming ___ Sunday morning, and ____ the evening he play squash.

d. I love going for walks ____ summer. It’s still light ___ nine o’clock.

e. I take my annual holiday ____ June, but I have a few days off ____ Christmas.

f. He usually starts work ____ 9.30, but ____ Friday he starts ____ 8.30.

h. People exchange presents ____ Christmas Day.

i. This house was built ____ the nineteenth century.

II. С какими выражениями времени используются эти предлоги? Продолжите список на сколько вы сможете.

In the morning at night on Sunday morning

1. ___________ ___________ ________________

III. Все предложения этого упражнения касаются прошедшего времени. Заполните пропуски подходящими словами из данных ниже. В некоторых случаях предлог не требуется.

ago last in for at when on .

Пример: I arrived home at six o’clock last night.

I saw Jane - yesterday.

a. I was born in Africa _____ 1970.

b. My parents moved back to England ____ I was five.

c. We lived in Bristol ____ three years.

d. I went to college three years ___ .

e. I found a flat on my own ____ last year.

f. I usually go home ____ the weekend.

g. I didn’t go home ____ weekend because some friends come to stay.

h. They arrived ____ three o’clock ____ the afternoon.

i. ____ Saturday evening we went out to a concert.

j. ____ we got home we listened to some music.

k. We got up late ____ Sunday morning.

l. ____ the afternoon we went for a walk.

m. I bought a car a few weeks ____ .

n. I had an accident ____ last night.

o. It happened ____ 7.00 ____ the evening.

p. I took my car to the garage ____ this morning.

IV. Употребите подходящие предлоги.

February; ____ Monday; ____ 11 o’clock; ____ night; ____ the daytime; ____ March; ____ an autumn day; ____ what time? late ____ the evening; ____ Friday; ____ the XYIII century; ____ June; ____ the afternoon; ____ 2 o’clock p.m.; ____ the 1st Sunday; ____ a fine September day; ____ Friday evening; ____ noon; (через) ____ a fortnight; ____ the 2nd ____ December; ____ midnight; _____ sunny summer morning.

V . While - это союз, за которым следует придаточное предложение (подлежащее + сказуемое). Если говорят “X happened while Y happened”, то это означает, что события X и Y случились в одно и то же время.

Пример: I met Peter while I was studying at university.

During - это предлог и за ним следует существительное. Значение его то же, что и у while - в течении, во время: during the film /lesson / afternoon / football match.

Пример: I worked on a farm during the holidays.

Словосочетания сwhile и during отвечают на вопрос When ? - Когда?

Словосочетания с for отвечают на вопрос How long ? - Сколько времени? Как долго?

Пример: I lived there for three years / six months.

Следует помнить, что a while - существительное, означающее период времени: for a while, for a long while.

Заполните пропуски словами while (1), during (2) или for (3).

a. I fell and hurt myself ________ I was playing tennis.

b. It started to rain ________ the match.

c. We played tennis _______ two hours.

d. I worked in Italy ______ three years.

e. _____ the summer I stayed on a farm in Tuscany.

f. I learned Italian _____ I was there.

g. We went on holiday to Florida _____ three weeks.

h. ______ the day it was very hot, but it was cool at night.

i. We went to Disneyland _____ we were there.

j. We had a lovely meal yesterday. We sat at the table _____ three hours.

k. _____ the meal we exchanged news.

l. _____ I was talking to Barbara, I learned that Tony was in hospital.

1. Поставьте подходящий предлог.

1. It has been raining … (for/since/until) last Friday.

2. I didn’t see you … (in/at/on) home.

3. Where are you … (from/in/at)? – Russia. But I live … (from/in/at) Germany.

4. Wait … (of/by/for) me. I will come back … (in/over/with) an hour.

5. We often travel … (in/to/at) Sochi … (on/in/by) train.

6. Lucy has worked as a waitress … (for/since/during) four years.

7. He couldn’t fall asleep … (since/for/until) 3 in the morning.

8. Was she named … (after/to/by) her grandmother.

9. They are interested … (by/in/with) philosophy.

10. I am not fond … (in/with/of) cats.

11. You should turn left … (at/on/in) the corner.

12. … (At/In/On) 10 o’clock Ben was talking … (on/in/at) the phone.

13. They are still … (in/on/at) work.

14. He never goes … (to/at/in) the cinema.

15. The portrait … (by/of/at) my mother was painted … (by/of/at) a famous artist.

2. Поставьте в предложения подходящий предлог времени (on, in, at).

1. The exhibition opens … 10 a.m. … Sunday.

2. Dad will arrive late … night, so I will see him only … the morning.

3. We don’t go shopping … weekends.

5. The snow usually starts melting … spring, … April.

6. Mike has lunch … noon.

7. I will call you back … 5 minutes.

8. The students will write a test … the end of the week.

3. Поставьте необходимые предлоги места (at, in, on, near, between, under, above).

1. A woman is holding an umbrella … her head.

2. It’s too hot and sunny. Let’s stand … that tree.

3. There is no life … the moon.

4. He is building a house … the country.

5. We’ll exchange the money … the airport.

6. When you called I was sitting … my desk … the office.

7. The elevator stopped … the second and the third floors.

8. My colleagues were already sitting … the table.

9. The dog is sitting … the plate waiting for the food.

10. I saw you … TV last night.

4. Дополните описание картины предлогами там, где необходимо. Переведите.

The picture was painted … the twentieth century … a French artist. … the picture we can see a lot … children running … the park … a Sunday morning. Some of them are sitting … the grass, others are playing … football. … the right there is a small boat … the lake. A boy and a girl are looking … the boat. The weather is nice but there are some clouds … the sky.

Ответы:
1.

1. since (Идет дождь с прошлой пятницы.)
2. at (Я не видел тебя дома.)
3. from – in (Откуда ты родом? – Россия. Но живу я в Германии.)
4. for – in (Подожди меня. Я вернусь через час.)
5. to – by (Мы часто ездим в Сочи на поезде.)
6. for (Люси работает официанткой в течение 4 лет.)
7. until (Он не мог заснуть до трех утра.)
8. after (Ее назвали в честь бабушки?)
9. in (Они интересуются философией.)
10. of (Я не люблю кошек.)
11. at (Тебе надо повернуть налево на углу.)
12. At – on (В 10 часов Бен разговаривал по телефону.)
13. at (Они все еще на работе.)
14. to (Он никогда не ходит в кино.)
15. of – by (Портрет моей матери был написан известным художником.)

1. at – on (Выставка открывается в 10 утра в воскресенье.)
2. at – in (Отец приедет поздно ночью, поэтому я его увижу только утром.)
3. at (Мы не ездим за покупками в выходные.)
4. on – in (Джейн родилась 15 декабря, в 1989 году.)
5. in – in (Снег обычно начинает таять весной, в апреле.)
6. at (Майк обедает в полдень.)
7. in (Я тебе перезвоню через 5 минут.)
8. at (Студенты будут писать тест в конце недели.)

1. above (Женщина держит зонт над головой.)
2. under (Слишком жарко и солнечно. Давай встанем под тем деревом.)
3. on (На луне нет жизни.)
4. in (Он строит дом в сельской местности.)
5. at (Мы обменяем деньги в аэропорту.)
6. at – in (Когда ты позвонил, я сидел за своим столом в офисе.)
7. between (Лифт остановился между вторым и третьим этажами.)
8. at (Мои коллеги уже сидели за столом.)
9. near (Собака сидит рядом с тарелкой и ждет еду.)
10. on (Я видел тебя по ТВ вчера ночью.)

in – by – in – of – in – on – on — … — on – on – at – in.
Картина была написана в 20-м веке французским художником. На картине мы видим много детей, бегающих в парке воскресным утром. Некоторые из них сидят на траве, другие играют в футбол. Справа на озере маленькая лодка. Мальчик и девочка смотрят на лодку. Погода хорошая, но в небе плывут облака.

Предлоги времени - упражнения.

Упражнение 1. Complete the questions. Add in, on or at .

Do you sometimes watch TV ____ the mornings?

Are you usually at home ____ 7 o"clock ____ the evenings?

Do you sometimes work ___night?

What do you usually do ____ weekends?

Do you usually go shopping ____ Saturdays?

Do you go skiing ____ the winter?

Do you have a holiday ____ December?

Is there a holiday in your country ____ 6 , January?

Упражнение 2. Look at these time expressions.

2 o"clock, Friday, the morning, last Friday, night, Tuesday, March, 1st March, the afternoon, next Tuesday, 1980, Monday morning, this morning, the summer, every summer, my birthday, the weekend, 8.15, tomorrow evening, July, Friday night, 1804, 4th July, the spring, weekends, Christmas, New Year"s Day, yesterday afternoon

Do we use these time expressions with in, on, at or without a preposition? Make four lists:

At: at 2 oclock, …

On: on Friday, …

In: in the morning, …

Without a pre"#000000"> last Friday

Упражнение 3. Do we use these time expressions with in, on or at?

Ten o"clock, ___ 2.15

Monday, ___ Tuesday

Monday morning, ___Tuesday afternoon

The weekend, ___ weekends

Christmas, ___ Easter

January, ___ February

1930, ___ 1992, ___ 2001

The summer, ___ the winter

Упражнение 4. Practice prepositions of time.

He"s usually at home ____ four o’clock.

What do you usually do___the evening?

When do you come home? ___ half past one.

When do you take a shower? ____ the morning.

I rarely watch TV ____ the afternoon.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский

на семь недель, за неделю, через час, за последние три месяца, во время войны, в ходе работы, до работы, после работы, с двух часов, до четырех часов, к трем часам, с 1980-го года, в 1945 году, в августе, в четыре часа, в понедельник, первого мая, утром, в полдень, ночью, в десять минут восьмого, в без десяти семь

Упражнение 6. Вставьте английские предлоги времени перед праздниками.

Does Molly paint eggs ___ Easter?

Did your girlfriend play any jokes _____ April 1st?

Do Molly and sally wear funny costumes____ Halloween?

Does Greg send cards____ Valentine"s Day Fred got a lot of funny presents____ Christmas.

School begins ____ September 1st.

Do you play jokes ___ April Fool"s Day?

Упражнение 7. Insert prepositions of time.

Was Easter ____ May last year?

Is your birthday____ summer?

I"m going to have a party ____ the weekend.

I usually come home ___ three o’clock.

I usually take a shower ____ the evening.

I usually tidy my room ___ Sunday.

I usually wash the dishes ____ the afternoon.

I usually go to bed____10.30.

I play basketball ___Tuesday and ___Friday.

Who was born ____ March?

My friend was born ____October.

My school starts____8.00.

He was born ___ the fifth of June.

We have Art ____Monday and ___ Friday.

The first lesson ___Wednesday is Music.

I get up ____ 7 o’clock.

We have New Year____the first of January.

End of the year we’ll have no exams.

I have studied English ___ four years.

We are going to meet ___ half past three.

The telephone rang ___ midnight.

Prepositions of time exercises. Answers.

Exercise 1.

1 in, 2 at/ in, 3 at, 4 at (Br. E) or on (Am. E), 5 on, 6 in, 7 in, 8 on

Exercise 2.

At: at 2 o’clock, night, the weekend (можно с on в американском варианте), 8.15, weekends (можно с on в американском варианте), Christmas.

On: on Friday, Tuesday, 1st March, Monday morning, my birthday, Friday night, 4th July, New Year"s Day.

In: in the morning, March, the afternoon, 1980, the summer, July, 1804, the spring.

Without a pre"#000000">Exercise 3.

1 at / at, 2 on /on, 3 on / on, 4 at /at или on /on, 5 at / at, 6 in / in, 7 on / on, 8 in / in / in, 9 in / in

Exercise 4.

1 at, 2 in, 3 at, 4 in, 5 in

Exercise 5.

for seven weeks, within a week, in an hour, over the last three months, during the war, in the course of the work, before the work, after the work, from two o"clock, till four o"clock, by three o’clock, since 1980, in 1945, in August, at four o’clock, on Monday, on the first of May, in the morning, at noon, at night, at ten minutes past seven, at ten minutes to seven

Exercise 6.

1 at Easter, 2 on April 1st, 3 at Halloween, 4 on Valentine"s Day, 5 at Christmas, 6 on September, 1, 7 on April"s Fool Day

Exercise 7.

1 in, 2 in, 3 at или on, 4 at, 5 in, 6 on, 7 in, 8 at, 9 on /on, 10 in, 11 in, 12 at, 13 on, 14 on / on, 15 on, 16 at, 17 on, 18 at, 19 for, 20 at, 21 at

Упражнения на предлоги

Упражнение 1. Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.

1. Where is the book? - - It is ... the table. 2. Where is the tea? - It is ... the cup. 3. Put the plates ... the table. 4. Put the book ... the bag. 5. There is a beautiful picture ... the wall. 6. He went ... the room. 7. I like to sit ... the sofa ... my room. 8. Mother is cooking dinner ... the kitchen. 9. She went ... the room and sat down ... the sofa. 10. There are many people ... the park today. 11. There is a girl standing ... the bridge. Why is she crying? - She has dropped her doll ... the water. 12. There is no tea ... my cup. 13. Pour some tea ... my cup. 14. Put these flowers ... the window-sill. 15. I saw many people ... the platform waiting for the train. 16. We went ... the garden and sat down ... a bench. 17. The teacher hung a picture ... the blackboard. 18. I opened the door and went ... the classroom. The teacher was writing some words ... the blackboard. The pupils were writing these words ... their exercise-books. There were some books and pens ... the teacher"s table. There were two maps ... the wall and some flowers ... the window-sills. I saw a pen ... the floor. I picked it up and put it ... the table. 19. He put his hand ... his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it ... the mail-box which hung ... the wall of the house. Then he got ... his car and drove off.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте предлоги in или to.

1.We did not want to stay ... town on such a hot day, so we went ... the country. 2. It is very late: Go ... bed at once. 3. Where is your little sister? - - She is ... bed. Mother always puts her ... bed at eight o"clock. 4. In summer my mother does not go ... work and I don"t go ... school. We live ... the country. My father goes ... work every day, so he stays ... town. But sometimes he comes ... the country after work and goes back ... town early in the morning, when I am still ... bed. 5. In winter I usually go ... bed at ten o"clock because I learn ... school and have to get up early.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания.

В четыре часа, в половине шестого, без четверти три, на закате, в четверть пятого, в полночь, в пять минут шестого, без десяти два, полдень, на восходе солнца, в двадцать пять третьего.

Упражнение 4. Вставьте предлоги to или of.

1. Не bought a book ... English poems and gave it... his sister. 2. I wrote ... him asking to send me a box ... chocolates. 3. The roof ... the house is very old. 4. There is a monument ... Pushkin in the Square ... Arts. 5. One wheel ... my car must be changed. 6. He was standing outside the door ... his house and explaining ... the mechanic what was wrong with his car. 7. He gave her a big bunch ... flowers. 8. I sent a letter ... my friend. 9. The streets ... St. Petersburg are straight. 10. Many pages ... this book are torn. 11. The young scientist was trying to prove ... the professor the necessity ... the experiment. 12. London is the capital ... Great Britain. 13. The embankments ... the Neva are faced with granite. 14. It is clear ... me that you don"t know your lesson. 15. He was devoted ... his friend. 16. I explained ... the teacher that by the end ... the lesson I had not finished the translation ... the text and that"s why I had not handed it ... him. The surprise ... the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange ... the teacher.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте предлоги with или by.

1. The boy cut his finger ... a knife. 2. The boat was carried ... the waves into the open sea. 3. The teacher was pleased ... our work. 4. America was discovered ... Columbus. 5. "Hamlet" was written Shakeреаге. 6. We eat soup ... a spoon. 7. He was killed ... a knife. 8. He was killed ... the robbers. 9. He was knocked down ... a big stick. 10. He was knocked down ... a car. 11. He was taken to hospital... an ambulance. 12. He was treated... very effective drugs. 13. He was cured ... a very skilful doctor. 14. He wrote his letter ... a pencil. 15. He was scolded ... his mother.

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