(1889 – 1977) Sir Charles Spencer ‘Charlie’ Chaplin was a versatile actor, director and music producer whose prolific entertainment career spanned over 75 years. Influential film roles included the films, The Kid (1921) and The Great Dictator (1940)
“Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot”
Short bio Charlie Chaplin
Chaplin was born in London, 16 April 1889, to parents who worked in the entertainment industry. At an early age, his alcoholic father passed away, and later his mother had a breakdown and was taken to an asylum. This left Charlie and his brother to fend for themselves. Following in their parent’s footsteps, they were drawn to the musical hall, and Charlie gained a prominent reputation as a performer.
In 1910, Charlie travelled to America and gained experience in the fledgeling film industry. It was here in America that he was to develop his first famous characters such as the Tramp – the trademark Charlie Chaplin character of a bowler hat, moustache and ill-fitting clothes. Charlie Chaplin became the great star of the silent era, and his popularity spread throughout the globe.
Charlie Chaplin had tremendous intensity. He would finance, write and direct all his films himself. He was a great perfectionist and would make his actors perform scenes up to 100 times to get it just right. Yet he also liked to improvise much of his performances and would not stick rigidly to a script.
Some of his most famous films include – City Lights
(1931) and The Great Dictator
(1940). The Great Dictator
was a satire on the totalitarian dictators of and Mussolini. Chaplin himself played two roles – a Jewish barber, who was discriminated against. He also played the role of the “Adenoid Hynkel – dictator of Tomania a clear parody of Adolf Hitler.
The film was made one year before the US entered the war against Germany, and was controversial at a time when anti-Semitism was rife in America. Despite his parody of Hitler in this film, Chaplin refused to publicly endorse the war effort in 1942 – causing the authorities to become suspicious of his political leanings.
“Wars, conflict, it’s all business. One murder makes a villain. Millions a hero. Numbers sanctify.”
Monsieur Verdoux (1947);
In the post-war period, the FBI under J Edgar Hoover kept close tabs on Chaplin because of his perceived left-wing ‘ Communist views’ Eventually, the US authorities decided to revoke his entry visa into the US and Chaplin was forced to live in Switzerland.
“Since the end of the last world war, I have been the object of lies and propaganda by powerful reactionary groups who, by their influence and by the aid of America’s yellow press, have created an unhealthy atmosphere in which liberal-minded individuals can be singled out and persecuted. Under these conditions I find it virtually impossible to continue my motion-picture work, and I have therefore given up my residence in the United States.”
Charlie Chaplin later said he was not a Communist but refused to condemn Communists because he disliked the nature of the McCarthy era.
“Friends have asked how I came to engender this American antagonism. My prodigious sin was, and still is, being a non-conformist. Although I am not a Communist I refused to fall in line by hating them.
Secondly, I was opposed to the Committee on Un-American Activities a dishonest phrase to begin with, elastic enough to wrap around the throat and strangle the voice of any American citizen whose honest opinion is a minority of one.”
– My Autobiography (1964)
Chaplin had great comic talent; this was a talent that shone through in his silent films but also in later years.
“I remain just one thing, and one thing only - and that is a clown. It places me on a far higher plane than any politician.”
Chaplin was put forward for a knighthood in 1956, but, it was blocked by the Conservative cabinet who feared a backlash from the American government.
Chaplin was eventually knighted in 1975. He also was awarded an Oscar in 1972 for his music score in the 1952 film Limelight . He was also awarded an honorary award in 1972 for “the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century.”
He came out of exile to receive the award and the longest standing ovation in the history of the Oscars.
Charlie Chaplin had a turbulent personal life. He had 11 children with three different women and had several other girlfriends and marriages.
He died in his sleep in Vevey, Switzerland on Christmas Day 1977.
Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Biography of Charlie Chaplin”, Oxford, UK. , 30th Nov. 2009. Last updated 16 February 2018.
Charlie Chaplin – Autobiography
The inventors of cinema were French, not Americans. The cinema became popular very quickly. In 1908 the USA had 10 000 cinemas.
Chaplin was born in England in 1889. His mother was so poor that she couldn’t look after him. But he started acting at the age of five and was soon a successful comic in the theater. When he went to America he got into films and became a star immediately.
In 1916, Chaplin earned $10 000 a week, and an extra $150 000 per film. In 1929 the age of the silent film came to an end. A new technology made it possible to record sound and pictures together. But some old directors couldn’t change their style. And some great silent actors had terrible voices. They couldn’t get parts in normal films.
Chaplin’s voice was good but he didn’t really want to talk in such films. His love was the silent films. In 1931 he made another classic film, City lights, but again it was silent. In the «Kid» (1921) Charlie Chaplin is a window repairer. The little boy helps him by breaking windows! In most of his films, Chaplin plays a poor man on the streets. But the actor was a millionaire. His silent films were perfect works of art. He created a language with his face and his body. Without words he could say everything.
Questions:
1. What is silent film?
2. Who was the inventor of it?
3. Chaplin was born in England, wasn’t he?
4. When did the age of silent films come to an end?
5. What language did Chaplin create?
Vocabulary:
inventor - изобретатель
immediately - сразу же
technology - технология
Чарли Чаплин
Основателями кинематографа были французы, не американцы. Кино очень быстро стало популярным. В 1908 году в США было 10 000 кинотеатров.
Чаплин родился в 1889 году в Англии. Его мать была такой бедной, что не могла его содержать. Но он начал играть в пятилетнем возрасте и впоследствии стал успешным комиком в театре. Когда он приехал в Америку и начал сниматься в фильмах и вскоре стал звездой. В 1916 году Чаплин зарабатывал десять тысяч долларов в неделю и дополнительно сто пятьдесят тысяч долларов за фильм. В 1929 году эра немого кино кончилась. Новые технологии сделали возможным воспроизводить звук и изображение одновременно. Но некоторые актеры не могли изменить свой стиль. А в некоторых выдающихся немых актеров был ужасный голос. Они не могли сниматься в нормальных фильмах.
Голос Чаплина был хорошим, но он не желал разговаривать в таких фильмах. Его любовью было немое кино. В 1931 году он снял другой классический фильм «Огни большого города», но опять же таким он был немым, В «Крохе» (1921) Чарли Чаплин - стекольщик. Маленький мальчик помогает ему, разбивая окна! В большинстве фильмов Чаплин играет бедного человека с улицы. Но актер был миллионером. Его немое кино было высоким произведением искусства. Он создал язык лица и тела. Он мог сказать все без слов.
Charlie Chaplin , byname of Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin , (born April 16, 1889, England-died December 25, 1977, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland), British comedian, producer, writer, director, and composer who is widely regarded as the greatest comic artist of the screen and one of the most important figures in motion-picture history.
Why is Charlie Chaplin important?
Comedian, actor, producer, writer, and director Charlie Chaplin is widely regarded as the greatest comic artist of the screen and one of the most important figures in . In 1972 he received a special for “the incalculable effect he has had on making motion pictures the art form of this century.”
What is Charlie Chaplin remembered for?
Charlie Chaplin is best remembered for his recurring character “the Little Tramp.” Outfitted in a too-small coat, too-large pants, floppy shoes, and a battered derby, Tramp was shunned by polite society and unlucky in love but ever a survivor. Audiences loved his cheekiness, his deflation of pomposity, his unexpected gallantry, and his resilience.
What were Charlie Chaplin’s achievements?
Charlie Chaplin starred in, wrote, and directed some of most memorable films in motion-picture history, including (1921), (1925), (1931), (1936), (1940), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award as best actor, Monsieur Verdoux (1947), and (1952).
What was Charlie Chaplin’s childhood like?
Brown BrothersIn truth, Chaplin did not always portray a tramp; in many of his films his character was employed as a waiter, store clerk, stagehand, fireman, and the like. His character might be better described as the quintessential misfit-shunned by polite society, unlucky in love, jack-of-all-trades but master of none. He was also a survivor, forever leaving past sorrows behind, jauntily shuffling off to new adventures. The Tramp’s appeal was universal: audiences loved his cheekiness, his deflation of pomposity, his casual savagery, his unexpected gallantry, and his resilience in the face of adversity. Some historians have traced the Tramp’s origins to Chaplin’s Dickensian childhood, while others have suggested that the character had its roots in the motto of Chaplin’s mentor, Fred Karno: “Keep it wistful , gentlemen, keep it wistful.” Whatever the case, within months after his movie debut, Chaplin was the screen’s biggest star.
His 35 Keystone comedies can be regarded as the Tramp’s gestation period, during which a caricature became a character. The films improved steadily once Chaplin became his own director. In 1915 he left Sennett to accept a $1,250-weekly contract at Essanay Studios. It was there that he began to inject elements of pathos into his comedy, notably in such shorts as The Tramp (1915) and Burlesque on Carmen (1915). He moved on to an even more lucrative job ($670,000 per year) at the Mutual Company Film Corporation. There, during an 18-month period, he made the 12 two-reelers that many regard as his finest films, among them such gems as One A.M. (1916), The Rink (1916), The Vagabond (1916), and Easy Street (1917). It was then, in 1917, that Chaplin found himself attacked for the first (though hardly the last) time by the press. He was criticized for not enlisting to fight in . To aid the war effort, Chaplin raised funds for the troops via bond drives.
In 1918 Chaplin jumped studios again, accepting a $1 million offer from the First National Film Corporation for eight shorts. That same year he married 16-year-old film extra Mildred Harris-the first in a procession of child brides. For his new studio he made shorts such as Shoulder Arms (1918) and The Pilgrim (1923) and his first starring feature, (1921), which starred the irresistible as the kid befriended and aided by the Little Tramp. Some have suggested that the increased dramatic content of those films is symptomatic of Chaplin’s efforts to justify the praise lavished upon him by the critical intelligentsia. A painstaking perfectionist, he began spending more and more time on the preparation and production of each film. In his personal life too, Chaplin was particular. Having divorced Mildred in 1921, Chaplin married in 1924 16-year-old Lillita MacMurray, who shortly would become known to the world as film star Lita Grey. (They would be noisily divorced in 1927.)
From 1923 through 1929 Chaplin made only three features: A Woman of Paris (1923), which he directed but did not star in (and his only drama); (1925), widely regarded as his masterpiece; and (1928), an underrated film that may rank as his funniest. All three were released by , the company cofounded in 1919 by Chaplin, husband-and-wife superstars and , and director . Of the three films, is one of the most-memorable films of the silent era. Chaplin placed the Little Tramp in the epic setting of the Yukon, amid bears, snowstorms, and a fearsome prospector (Mack Swain); his love interest was a beautiful dance-hall queen (Georgia Hale). The scene in which the Tramp must eat his shoe to stay alive epitomizes the film’s blend of rich comedy and well-earned pathos.
Charlie Chaplin (26.04.1889 - 25.12.1977) - American actor.
Charlie Chaplin, considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood, lived an interesting life both in his films and behind the camera. He is most recognized as an icon of the silent film era, often associated with his popular "Little Tramp" character; the man with the toothbrush mustache, bowler hat, bamboo cane, and a funny walk.
Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in Walworth, London, England on April 26th, 1889 to Charles and Hannah (Hill) Chaplin, both music hall performers, who were married on June 22nd, 1885. After Charles Sr. separated from Hannah to perform in New York City, Hannah then tried to resurrect her stage career. Unfortunately, her singing voice had a tendency to break at unexpected moments. When this happened, the stage manager spotted young Charlie standing in the wings and led him on stage, where five-year-old Charlie began to sing a popular tune. Charlie and his half-brother, Syd Chaplin (born Sydney Hawkes), spent their lives in and out of charity homes and workhouses between their mother"s bouts of insanity. Hannah was committed to Cane Hill Asylum in May of 1903 and lived there until 1921, when Chaplin moved her to California.
Chaplin began his official acting career at the age of eight, touring with The Eight Lancashire Lads. At 18 he began touring with Fred Karno"s vaudeville troupe, joining them on the troupe"s 1910 US tour. He traveled west to California in December 1913 and signed on with Keystone Studios" popular comedy director Mack Sennett, who had seen Chaplin perform on stage in New York. Charlie soon wrote his brother Syd, asking him to become his manager. While at Keystone, Chaplin appeared in and directed 35 films, starring as the Little Tramp in nearly all. In November 1914 he left Keystone and signed on at Essanay, where he made 15 films. In 1916, he signed on at Mutual and made 12 films. In June 1917 Chaplin signed up with First National Studios, after which he built Chaplin Studios. In 1919 he and Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and D.W. Griffith formed United Artists (UA).
Chaplin"s life and career was full of scandal and controversy. His first big scandal was during World War I, during which time his loyalty to England, his home country, was questioned. He had never applied for US citizenship, but claimed that he was a "paying visitor" to the United States. Many British citizens called Chaplin a coward and a slacker. This and his other career eccentricities sparked suspicion with FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover and the House Un-American Activities Council (HUAC), who believed that he was injecting Communist propaganda into his films. Chaplin"s later film The Great Dictator (1940), which was his first "talkie", also created a stir. In the film Chaplin plays a humorous caricature of Adolf Hitler. Some thought the film was poorly done and in bad taste. However, it grossed over $5 million and earned five Academy Award Nominations.
Another scandal occurred when Chaplin briefly dated 22-year-old Joan Barry. However, Chaplin"s relationship with Barry came to an end in 1942, after a series of harassing actions from her. In May of 1943 Barry returned to inform Chaplin that she was pregnant, and filed a paternity suit, claiming that the unborn child was his. During the 1944 trial blood tests proved that Chaplin was not the father, but at the time blood tests were inadmissible evidence and he was ordered to pay $75 a week until the child turned 21. Chaplin was also scrutinized for his support in aiding the Russian struggle against the invading Nazis during World War II, and the U.S. government questioned his moral and political views, suspecting him of having Communist ties. For this reason HUAC subpoenaed him in 1947. However, HUAC finally decided that it was no longer necessary for him to appear for testimony. Conversely, when Chaplin and his family traveled to London for the premier of _Limelight (1952)_ , he was denied re-entry to the United States. In reality, the government had almost no evidence to prove that he was a threat to national security. He and his wife decided, instead, to settle in Switzerland.
Chaplin was married four times and had a total of 11 children. In 1918 he wed Mildred Harris, they had a son together, Norman Spencer Chaplin, who only lived three days. Chaplin and Mildred were divorced in 1920. He married Lita Grey in 1924, who had two sons, Charles Chaplin Jr. and Sydney Chaplin. They were divorced in 1927. In 1936, Chaplin married Paulette Goddard and his final marriage was to Oona O"Neill (Oona Chaplin), daughter of playwright Eugene O"Neill in 1943. Oona gave birth to eight children: Geraldine Chaplin, Michael Chaplin, Josephine Chaplin, Victoria Chaplin, Eugene, Jane, Annette-Emilie and Christopher Chaplin.
In contrast to many of his boisterous characters, Chaplin was a quiet man who kept to himself a lot. He also had an "un-millionaire" way of living. Even after he had accumulated millions, he continued to live in shabby accommodations.
In 1921 Chaplin was decorated by the French government for his outstanding work as a filmmaker, and was elevated to the rank of Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1952. In 1972 he was honored with an Academy Award for his "incalculable effect in making motion pictures the art form of the century." In 1975 England"s Queen Elizabeth II knighted him. Chaplin"s other works included musical scores he composed for many of his films. He also authored two autobiographical books, "My Autobiography" in 1964 and its companion volume, "My Life in Pictures" in 1974. Chaplin died of natural causes on December 25, 1977 at his home in Switzerland.
In 1978, Chaplin"s corpse was stolen from its grave and was not recovered for three months; he was re-buried in a vault surrounded by cement. Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest filmmakers in the history of American cinema, whose movies were and still are popular throughout the world, and have even gained notoriety as time progresses. His films show, through the Little Tramp"s positive outlook on life in a world full of chaos, that the human spirit has and always will remain the same.
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Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer " Charlie " Chaplin , (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era.
At the time of his birth, Chaplin"s parents were both entertainers in the music hall tradition: Hannah, had a brief and unsuccessful career under the stage name Lily Harley, while Charles Sr.,worked as a popular singer.
Chaplin"s first stage appearance came at five years old, when he took over from his mother one night in Aldershot. The young boy confidently entertained the crowd, and received laughter and applause. Chaplin became a member of “The Eight Lancashire Lads clog dancing troupe. He began his professional career in this way, as the group toured English music halls from 1899 to 1902. Chaplin worked hard and the act was popular with audiences, but dancing did not satisfy the child and he dreamt of forming a comedy act.
By 1908, Chaplin had become a star of Fred Karno"s prestigious comedy company. The young comedian headed the show and impressed American reviewers, being described as "one of the best pantomime artists ever seen here."
“ Making a Living” marked his film debut,1914.
During the course of 1915, Chaplin became a cultural phenomenon. Shops were stocked with Chaplin merchandise, he was featured in cartoons and comic strips, and several songs were written about the star.
First National “ A Dog"s Life” , released April 1918, was the first film under the new contract. It was cinema"s first total work of art. The film showed the character becoming more fragile and melancholy.
“ The Kid” It was his longest picture to date. It was the first film to combine comedy and drama. It had been screened in over 50 countries.
Independence In 1919 Chaplin together with Mary Pickford , Douglas Fairbanks and David Llewelyn Wark Griffith founded a n American film studi o “ United Artists ”. All films shot on this studio were full-length. The first was “A woman of Paris”, a romantic drama about ill-fa ted lovers.
Silent films brought fame to Chaplin. In 1927 appeared sound films. The first Chaplin’s sound film was “ The Great Dictator ”, it was released in 1940. It was the last film, where the image of Charlie-tramp was used. The film received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor .
In 952 Chaplin created the film “Limelight”. It’s a story about the fate of a creative person and about the art in general.
He moved to Switzerland in 1953. He composed music for his silent films and wired the film “ The Gold Rush ”. H e was awarded the International Peace Prize by the Communist World Peace Council in 1954.
In his film “ A King in New York ” Chaplin himself played the leading part. In 1964 Chaplin published his memoirs, which were the basis of bibliographic feature film “ Chaplin ”. His final completed film, “ A Countess from Hong Kong ” (1967), based on a script he had written for Paulette Goddard in the 1930s . The main parts were played by Marlon Brando and Sophia Loren .
I n 1972 he receive d a lifetime achievement award from the Lincoln Center Film Society and an Academy Honorary Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century". In 1953 he received the Academy Award for Best Original Score for Limelight , the only competitive Academy Award he won during his career. In 1975 Queen Elizabeth II made him a Knight Commander of the British Empire .
Chaplin died in his sleep from the complications of a stroke in the early morning of 25 December 1977 at his home in Switzerlan d. The monument in his memory was set on the lakeside of Geneva .
Several memorials have been dedicated to Chaplin. In London, a statue of him as the Tramp was unveiled in Leicester Square . The Swiss town of Vevey, named a park in his honour .
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